low to moderate incomes vs healthcare and health care costs
Phase 3 of your paper integrates the first two phases of your research project. Combine the first two phases with the following:
Abstract: on a separate page, no longer than 150 words, summarize the key points of your paper. In addition, five to seven relevant keywords should be listed directly under the abstract on the same page.
Introduction: should clearly pose the research question. What were the aims or goals of your research? Explain the rationale behind your study, placing your research topic within the context of past and current research landscape.
Findings: interpret your findings.
Discussion: discuss your findings in the context of the research question initially posed. Explore the broader implications and significance of your findings
Future research: provide specific recommendations for the direction of future research on your topic. Highlight any known gaps in knowledge being filled by present research. What problems need to be solved, questions need to be answered or issues remain?
HEALTH INSURANCE AND HEALTHCARE COSTS1
Low-to-Moderate Incomes vs Health Insurance and Healthcare Costs
Jaysha U PavaoUniversity of Hawaii at HiloEcon 100 – Intro to Macroeconomics
Dr. James CzarskiSeptember 26, 2020
HEALTH INSURANCE AND HEALTHCARE COSTS2Low-to-Moderate Incomes vs Health Insurance and Healthcare
Costs. The healthcaredeliverysystemincludesaccess,cost,andquality.For alongtime,third partypayersandtheemployersintheUnitedStateshavebecomeverypreoccupiedwithtakingcontrolofthehealthcarecostandgrowth(Papanicolasetal.,2018).The correlationbetweencostandaccesstohealthcareservice’sresultsinanincreaseofcostinthehealthcaresystems.Asaresultofthiscorrelation,severalattemptstowardsimplementingtheU.S.universalhealthcoveragehasfailedinthepast.AmongsttheconcernsraisedovertheU.S.’shealthcaresystemisthequalityofthehealthcareservicedelivery,costsofaccesstothehealthcaresystems,andothers.Micro – Macro Levels of Healthcare CostLevels.Thereisaninterdependencebetweenthecost,quality,andaccesstohealthcaredeliverysystems(Emanueletal.,2017).Thehealthcarecostisviewedintermsofthenationalhealthsystem’scost,indeliveringhealthcareservicesfromalargeperspective(Emanueletal.,2017).Onthecontrary,therearesmallerperspectives,inhealthcareexpendituresthatentailsemployers’costsinpurchasinghealthinsurancefortheemployees,andindividual’sout-of-pocketcostswhenreceivinghealthcareservices.However,atboththesmallerandlargerlevels,equalaccesstoqualityhealthcareandimprovementofaccess,isdependentonmoneyspent.Thecostisacrucialfactorinthequalityevaluationofthehealthcaresystem(Emanueletal.,2017).However,qualityisachievedbyusingevidence-basedprocesses,havinguptodatecapabilities,andoutcomemeasurement.ThisessayfocusesontheanalysisoftheU.S.healthcaresystemfromthelivingstandardsoflowtomoderate-incomefamily’sperspectives.Besides,particularemphasisisalsoplacedonemployer-sponsoredhealthinsurance,theburdenofhealthcarecosts,
HEALTH INSURANCE AND HEALTHCARE COSTS3andthedifferencesinaccessandoutcomes(Grosseetal.,2017).The wideningeconomicinequalitygreatlyinfluencestheincreasingdisparitiesinhealthoutcomesandaccessintheU.S..The healthcare system has seen the severity of the income-based inequality.Access and Cost to HealthcareCost. The incomeinequalityhasbroughtgapsinhealthcareaccesstotheU.S.lowtomoderate-incomeAmericans.Theyhavepooraccesstoqualityhealthcareservicesandoutcomes,comparedtowealthycounterpartsbecauseofthehighcostsofhealthcare.Thelowlevelsofaccesstoqualityhealthcareareattributedtotheirinabilitytohavehealthinsurancecoverduetoeconomicconstraints.However,insomecases,employedpeoplefromthiseconomicallydeprivedgroupgainhealthcareaccessthroughemployer-sponsoredhealthinsurance(Grosseetal.,2017).InAmerica,healthinsurancehasbecomeanincreasinglycrucialtopicsinceitistheonlythingthatcanguaranteeaccesstohealthcareservices.Particularlyforthelowtomoderate-incomeAmericanswhocannotaffordtheskyrocketinghealthcarecosts.Mostofthelowtomoderate-incomeAmericansrelyonemployer-sponsoredinsurance.Thisisabenefit’spackagefortheemployees.Thoughmuchappreciatedbythebeneficiaries,theemployer-sponsoredhealthcareinsurancehasseenthereductioninthebeneficiaries’labormobility,anincreaseinthefragmentationofthehealthcarefinances,andthefundamentalinequity in accruing the benefits to the highest-paid workers.ThehighcostoftheUnitedStateshealthcaresystemhasresultedinitbecomingunsustainable.Themainreasonsfortheincreaseinthehealthcaresystem’scostincludeincreasesintheamountofmoneyspentonhealthinsuranceandbiometricresearch.Withtheyearly
HEALTH INSURANCE AND HEALTHCARE COSTS4changesonthehealthinsurancepolicies,thehealthinsurancepremiumsalsorises,whichmanycitizens from low to moderate-income families opt out of the insurance plans.Access.AnothercriticalissueinanalyzingtheUnitedStates’healthcaresystemishealthdifferences,andtheirimpactonhealthcareservice’stoaccessandoutcomes.Healthcaredifferencesrefertounequalprovisionofhealthcareservicesandtheaccesstohealthcareacrossdifferentsocioeconomicgroups,ethnicandracialgroups.Thesedifferencesintheconditionandaccesstohealthcaredeterminethehealthoutcomesacrossthediscriminatedpopulation(Adepojuetal.,2015).Lowtomoderate-incomefamiliesfacehighbarriersinaccessingqualityhealthcareandsuffertheworsthealthoutcomes.Thefactorsinfluencingaccesstohealthcareincludelackoffinancial resources, structural barriers, and lack of health insurance.Reasonable Healthcare CoverageInconclusion,thehealthcaresystemdifferencesintheUnitedStateshavepresentedstandingchallengesforalongtime.Asaresult,theprivilegedgroupsreceivinghigherqualityhealthcareservicesinsteadoftheeconomicallyunderprivilegedgroupswhohavenoaccesstoqualitycare.Thushavepoorhealthoutcomesduetothis.Tohelpleveragetheproblemofthedifferenceinthesystemofhealthcare,theUnitedStatesshouldfindmeansofprovidingaffordablehealthcarecoveragetoallgroups,includingtheunderprivilegedgroup.Besides,governmentprogramssuchasMedicaid,Medicare,andtheChildren’sHealthInsuranceProgramshouldbeaccessible,particularlytothelowandmoderate-incomefamilies.Theylackadequatefinancialmeanstoaccessqualityhealthcare.WhichqualityhealthcareisabletoprovidetheselowtomoderateincomeAmericanfamilieswithasubstantialamountofhelpwithqualityhealthcare.
HEALTH INSURANCE AND HEALTHCARE COSTS5ReferencesAdepoju, O. E., Preston, M. A., & Gonzales, G. (2015). Health care disparities in the post–Affordable Care Act era. American Journal of Public Health, 105(S5), S665-S667.Emanuel, E. J., Glickman, A., & Johnson, D. (2017). Measuring the burden of health care costson US families: the affordability indexGrosse, S. D., Waitzman, N. J., Yang, N., Abe, K., & Barfield, W. D. (2017). Employer-sponsored plan expenditures for infants born preterm. Pediatrics, 140(4), e20171078.Papanicolas, I., Woskie, L. R., & Jha, A. K. (2018). Health care spending in the United Statesand other high-income countries. Jama.
