Identify and explain Jeremy Bentham’s principle

Instructions

Instructions: Answer both questions in Part 1 and any two questions in Part 2, for a total of four questions answered. Answers are weighted equally. The answers must be completely in your own words. You show that you understand the material when you are able to discuss it in your own words are able to analyze it thoughtfully and correctly. While there is no definite minimum or maximum answer length, the target answer length that you should aim for is approximately 2 double-spaced pages per answer.Part 1: Answer both of the following two questions:1. Identify and explain Jeremy Bentham’s principle of utilitarianism. What is Bentham’s reasoning for connecting moral right and wrong with pleasure and pain? Analyze the following scenario from the perspective of Bentham’s moral theory:“Suppose that a team of medical researchers has been experimenting with a new medication that promises to cure all forms of cancer in humans. In order to make the medication safe and effective, however, they must experiment with the drug on human beings. However, it is certain that most of the humans who take the drug in its early experimental stage will be killed instantly, and as a result the researchers cannot find any volunteers. So, the researchers make a deal with a small number of cancer doctors, who agree to give the medication to a total of 100 patients while lying to them about the purpose and safety of the medication. Most of these 100 patients will die because of the experiment, but their deaths will certainly lead to a cure for a cancer. From a moral perspective, should the researchers and doctors go ahead with their plan?”What conclusion would be drawn from the perspective of Bentham’s moral theory? Explain how Bentham’s theory leads to this conclusion. Do you think that this conclusion is correct? Why/why not? Next, identify and fully explain the two objections that Michael Sandel identifies against Bentham’s philosophy. How does John Stuart Mill attempt to overcome these two objections in his own version of utilitarianism? In your view, what is the biggest weakness of utilitarianism? Does this weakness invalidate the theory altogether? Explain why or why not with a well-developed, well-reasoned analysis. Make sure all aspects of this answer are thorough and detailed.