Decide which of the following concepts are most applicable to each scenario: differential reinforcement of other behavior, avoidance contingency, punishment by prevention of reinforcer, punishment by loss of reinforcer, or avoidance of loss.

        Write a 175-word summary on the target behavior in observable and measurable terms.             Include the methods that will be used to observe and acquire baseline data.

PART II.

Respond to the following questions in 175 to 250 words each.

1. Choose a behavior you would like to shape on someone you know. Select a terminal and initial behavior and the steps you would use to shape the behavior. Would you utilize punishment or reinforcement? Would fixed or variable outcomes play a role in your procedure?

2. Choose a task that you would teach a 5-year-old child to perform. Consider some of the following:

tying shoe laces, brushing teeth, making a sandwich, making a bed, and so forth. What would your

task analysis look like? For example, what would the steps be and how many steps would you

have? Once you develop the task analysis, what might you do before putting it into place to ensure

its effectiveness?

1. You just taught a shy 2nd-grade student how to ask for help when he needed it on his vocabulary sight words rather than sitting quietly and not completing his work. However, you want the behavior to occur in other settings when he needs help. What process would you follow to teach him how to ask for help in multiple contexts?

1. Conversly, one of the 2nd-grade boy’s classmates is raising her hand and asking for help even on tasks she knows how to complete. This happens during recess, in phys ed, or when given a task she has completed multiple times before. What process would you follow to teach when and where raising her hand is appropriate? 

    

   PART III

    

   Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

    

   Decide which of the following concepts are most applicable to each scenario: differential reinforcement of other behavior, avoidance contingency, punishment by prevention of reinforcer, punishment by loss of reinforcer, or avoidance of loss.

    

   Defend your answer in 2–3 sentences each, using citations as needed.

    

   1. Sally, a 13-year-old teenager, is tired of having her mom nag her about her bedroom. Her mom nags about the clothes on the floor, the bed being unmade, and the trashcan spilling over in her bathroom.  Sally comes home from school in a bad mood and the last thing she wants to hear is her mom’s nagging voice. To get around the expected response from her mom, she cleans her room, makes her bed, and empties her trashcan.

    

    

   1. Sally makes the 7th-grade track team by finishing before another girl by less than 0.05 seconds in her event—the 400 meter relay.  Sally is proud of making the team but needs to work harder in the practices that follow. The first track meet does not go well. Out of the four girls on the relay team, she has the slowest time, so her track coach removes her from the team, and makes her sit as an alternate.

    

    

   1. In the weeks that follow being pulled from the track team, Sally listens to her coach’s direction and works hard to qualify for the next meet. Running her fastest time ever, Sally is excited when she qualifies to run the relay for the third track meet. Now that she has earned her spot on the team, she continues to work hard every week to keep her place.

    

    

   1. Chad is a 45-year-old man going back to school while working full time. A self-proclaimed procrastinator, his job as a computer programmer can handle his laid back style and ever-changing deadlines.  In school, however, he is having difficulty turning his homework in on time. The teacher has told him that success is impossible if he does not turn his papers in on time, yet he fails to do so week after week.

    

   1. Chad continues to stay in school and is a B-minus student due to the procrastination aspect of his work ethic. He has been complaining lately about school and thinking about withdrawing. His comments about the teacher, the class, the work and his grades are starting to get annoying so his mom decides to only reinforce his verbal behavior every 5 minutes he talks to her without making a negative comment about school.